Insolvency & Bankruptcy
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, a unified code came into force in 2016. The Insolvency and bankruptcy law is a form of social legislation encompassing all companies, partnership and individuals. It aims at proving relief to all of them. It undertakes to maximize the value of the assets of the debtors and also tries to balance interest of all the shareholders. The Code guarantees to achieve far-reaching reforms with a push on creditor driven insolvency resolution. It aims at prior identification of financial failure and increasing the asset value of insolvent firms/companies. It is a statutory procedure caused by insolvency through which a person is relieved of most of its debts and undergoes judiciary supervision or liquidator for the benefit of that person’s creditor.
PERSONS WHO MAY INITIATE CORPORATE INSOLVENCY RESOLUTION PROCESS:
The following person could initiate the Recovery Process on the admission of a default by the Corporate Person: (i) Financial Creditor & (ii) Operational Creditor. A Financial Creditor is a person to whom a financial debt is owed. An Operational Creditor is a person to whom an operational debt is owed.
“Operational Debt” means a claim in respect of the provision of Goods or Services, Employment or A debt in respect of the repayment of dues arising under any law for the time being in force and payable to the Central Government, any State Government or any local authority.
PROCESS OF INITIATION OF CORPORATE INSOLVENCY RESOLUTION PROCESS:
An operational creditor may, on the occurrence of a default, deliver a demand notice of unpaid operational debtor copy of an invoice demanding payment of the amount involved in the default to the corporate debtor in terms of section 8 of the Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code, 2016.
The corporate debtor shall, within a period of ten days of the receipt of the demand notice or copy of the invoice mentioned in sub-section (1) bring to the notice of the operational creditor (a) existence of a dispute, if any, and record of the pendency of the suit or Arbitration proceedings filed before the receipt of such notice or invoice in relation to such dispute; (b) the repayment of unpaid operational debt—by sending an attested copy of the record of electronic transfer of the unpaid amount from the bank account of the corporate debtor; or by sending an attested copy of record that the operational creditor has enchased a cheque issued by the corporate debtor.
After the expiry of the period of ten days from the date of delivery of the notice or invoice demanding payment under sub-section (1) of section 8, if the operational creditor does not receive payment from the corporate debtor or notice of the dispute under sub-section (2) of section 8, the operational creditor may file an application before the NCLT for initiating a corporate insolvency resolution process, in terms of section 9 of Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code 2016.
- declare a moratorium for the purposes referred to in section 14;
- cause a public announcement of the initiation of corporate insolvency resolution process and call for the submission of claims under section 15; and
- appoint an interim resolution professional in the manner as laid down in section 16 of IBC.